Generative models have been very successful over the years and have received significant attention for synthetic data generation. As deep learning models are getting more and more complex, they require large amounts of data to perform accurately. In medical image analysis, such generative models play a crucial role as the available data is limited due to challenges related to data privacy, lack of data diversity, or uneven data distributions. In this paper, we present a method to generate brain tumor MRI images using generative adversarial networks. We have utilized StyleGAN2 with ADA methodology to generate high-quality brain MRI with tumors while using a significantly smaller amount of training data when compared to the existing approaches. We use three pre-trained models for transfer learning. Results demonstrate that the proposed method can learn the distributions of brain tumors. Furthermore, the model can generate high-quality synthetic brain MRI with a tumor that can limit the small sample size issues. The approach can addresses the limited data availability by generating realistic-looking brain MRI with tumors. The code is available at: ~\url{https://github.com/rizwanqureshi123/Brain-Tumor-Synthetic-Data}.

System identification, also known as learning forward models, transfer functions, system dynamics, etc., has a long tradition both in science and engineering in different fields. Particularly, it is a recurring theme in Reinforcement Learning research, where forward models approximate the state transition function of a Markov Decision Process by learning a mapping function from current state and action to the next state. This problem is commonly defined as a Supervised Learning problem in a direct way. This common approach faces several difficulties due to the inherent complexities of the dynamics to learn, for example, delayed effects, high non-linearity, non-stationarity, partial observability and, more important, error accumulation when using bootstrapped predictions (predictions based on past predictions), over large time horizons. Here we explore the use of Reinforcement Learning in this problem. We elaborate on why and how this problem fits naturally and sound as a Reinforcement Learning problem, and present some experimental results that demonstrate RL is a promising technique to solve these kind of problems.

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) applications reshape the trend of warehouse monitoring systems allowing them to track and locate massive numbers of logistic entities in real-time. To support the tasks, classic Radio Frequency (RF)-based localization approaches (e.g. triangulation and trilateration) confront challenges due to multi-path fading and signal loss in noisy warehouse environment. In this paper, we investigate machine learning methods using a new grid-based WSN platform called Sensor Floor that can overcome the issues. Sensor Floor consists of 345 nodes installed across the floor of our logistic research hall with dual-band RF and Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) sensors. Our goal is to localize all logistic entities, for this study we use a mobile robot. We record distributed sensing measurements of Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) and IMU values as the dataset and position tracking from Vicon system as the ground truth. The asynchronous collected data is pre-processed and trained using Random Forest and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). The CNN model with regularization outperforms the Random Forest in terms of localization accuracy with aproximate 15 cm. Moreover, the CNN architecture can be configured flexibly depending on the scenario in the warehouse. The hardware, software and the CNN architecture of the Sensor Floor are open-source under https://github.com/FLW-TUDO/sensorfloor.

Data scarcity is a notable problem, especially in the medical domain, due to patient data laws. Therefore, efficient Pre-Training techniques could help in combating this problem. In this paper, we demonstrate that a model trained on the time direction of functional neuro-imaging data could help in any downstream task, for example, classifying diseases from healthy controls in fMRI data. We train a Deep Neural Network on Independent components derived from fMRI data using the Independent component analysis (ICA) technique. It learns time direction in the ICA-based data. This pre-trained model is further trained to classify brain disorders in different datasets. Through various experiments, we have shown that learning time direction helps a model learn some causal relation in fMRI data that helps in faster convergence, and consequently, the model generalizes well in downstream classification tasks even with fewer data records.

This paper presents an accurate, highly efficient, and learning-free method for large-scale odometry estimation using spinning radar, empirically found to generalize well across very diverse environments -- outdoors, from urban to woodland, and indoors in warehouses and mines - without changing parameters. Our method integrates motion compensation within a sweep with one-to-many scan registration that minimizes distances between nearby oriented surface points and mitigates outliers with a robust loss function. Extending our previous approach CFEAR, we present an in-depth investigation on a wider range of data sets, quantifying the importance of filtering, resolution, registration cost and loss functions, keyframe history, and motion compensation. We present a new solving strategy and configuration that overcomes previous issues with sparsity and bias, and improves our state-of-the-art by 38%, thus, surprisingly, outperforming radar SLAM and approaching lidar SLAM. The most accurate configuration achieves 1.09% error at 5Hz on the Oxford benchmark, and the fastest achieves 1.79% error at 160Hz.

这项研究是有关阿拉伯历史文档的光学特征识别（OCR）的一系列研究的第二阶段，并研究了不同的建模程序如何与问题相互作用。第一项研究研究了变压器对我们定制的阿拉伯数据集的影响。首次研究的弊端之一是训练数据的规模，由于缺乏资源，我们的3000万张图像中仅15000张图像。另外，我们添加了一个图像增强层，时间和空间优化和后校正层，以帮助该模型预测正确的上下文。值得注意的是，我们提出了一种使用视觉变压器作为编码器的端到端文本识别方法，即BEIT和Vanilla Transformer作为解码器，消除了CNNs以进行特征提取并降低模型的复杂性。实验表明，我们的端到端模型优于卷积骨架。该模型的CER为4.46％。

单个异常行为因人群的大小，上下文和场景而异。当检测，跟踪和认可异常行为的人时，诸如部分阻塞，模糊，大数字异常行为和摄像机观看之类的挑战发生在大规模的人群中。在本文中，我们的贡献是双重的。首先，我们介绍了一个注释和标记的大规模人群异常行为hajj数据集（hajjv2）。其次，我们提出了两种混合卷积神经网络（CNN）和随机森林（RFS）的两种方法，以检测和识别小型和大型人群视频中的时空异常行为。在小型人群视频中，对Resnet-50预训练的CNN模型进行了微调，以验证空间域中的每个帧是正常还是异常。如果观察到异常行为，则使用基于运动的个体检测方法基于角链光流的大小和方向来定位和跟踪具有异常行为的个体。大规模人群视频中使用了Kalman过滤器，以预测和跟踪随后的帧中检测到的个体。然后，将均值，方差和标准偏差统计特征计算出来并馈送到RF，以对时间域中的行为异常行为进行分类。在大规模的人群中，我们使用Yolov2对象检测技术微调Resnet-50模型，以检测空间域中行为异常的个体。

Scene understanding is essential in determining how intelligent robotic grasping and manipulation could get. It is a problem that can be approached using different techniques: seen object segmentation, unseen object segmentation, or 6D pose estimation. These techniques can even be extended to multi-view. Most of the work on these problems depends on synthetic datasets due to the lack of real datasets that are big enough for training and merely use the available real datasets for evaluation. This encourages us to introduce a new dataset (called DoPose-6D). The dataset contains annotations for 6D Pose estimation, object segmentation, and multi-view annotations, which serve all the pre-mentioned techniques. The dataset contains two types of scenes bin picking and tabletop, with the primary motive for this dataset collection being bin picking. We illustrate the effect of this dataset in the context of unseen object segmentation and provide some insights on mixing synthetic and real data for the training. We train a Mask R-CNN model that is practical to be used in industry and robotic grasping applications. Finally, we show how our dataset boosted the performance of a Mask R-CNN model. Our DoPose-6D dataset, trained network models, pipeline code, and ROS driver are available online.

影响重症患者护理的许多基本问题会带来类似的分析挑战：医生无法轻易估计处于危险的医疗状况或治疗的影响，因为医疗状况和药物的因果影响是纠缠的。他们也无法轻易进行研究：没有足够的高质量数据来进行高维观察性因果推断，并且通常无法在道德上进行RCT。但是，机械知识可获得，包括如何吸收人体药物，并且这些知识与有限数据的结合可能就足够了 - 如果我们知道如何结合它们。在这项工作中，我们提出了一个框架，用于在这些复杂条件下对重症患者的因果影响估算：随着时间的流逝，药物与观察之间的相互作用，不大的患者数据集以及可以代替缺乏数据的机械知识。我们将此框架应用于影响重症患者的极其重要的问题，即癫痫发作和大脑中其他潜在有害的电气事件的影响（称为癫痫样活动 - EA）对结局。鉴于涉及的高赌注和数据中的高噪声，可解释性对于解决此类复杂问题的故障排除至关重要。我们匹配的小组的解释性使神经科医生可以执行图表审查，以验证我们的因果分析的质量。例如，我们的工作表明，患者经历了高水平的癫痫发作般的活动（75％的EA负担），并且未经治疗的六个小时的窗口未受治疗，平均而言，这种不良后果的机会增加了16.7％。作为严重的大脑损伤，终生残疾或死亡。我们发现患有轻度但长期EA的患者（平均EA负担> = 50％）患有不良结果的风险增加了11.2％。

与痴呆症相关的认知障碍（CI）在全球范围内影响超过5500万人，并且每3秒钟以一个新病例的速度迅速增长。随着临床试验反复出现的失败，早期诊断至关重要，但是在低水平和中等收入国家中，全球75％的痴呆症病例未被诊断为90％。众所周知，当前的诊断方法是复杂的，涉及对医学笔记，大量认知测试，昂贵的脑部扫描或脊柱液体测试的手动审查。与CI相关的信息经常在电子健康记录（EHR）中找到，并且可以为早期诊断提供重要线索，但是专家的手动审查是繁琐的，并且容易发生。该项目开发了一种新型的最新自动筛选管道，用于可扩展和高速发现EHR中的CI。为了了解EHR中复杂语言结构的语言环境，构建了一个8,656个序列的数据库，以训练基于注意力的深度学习自然语言处理模型以对序列进行分类。使用序列级别分类器开发了基于逻辑回归的患者级别预测模型。深度学习系统的精度达到了93％，AUC = 0.98，以识别其EHR中没有较早诊断，与痴呆有关的诊断代码或与痴呆有关的药物的患者。否则，这些患者将未被发现或检测到太晚。 EHR筛选管道已部署在Neurahealthnlp中，这是一种用于自动化和实时CI筛选的Web应用程序，只需将EHR上传到浏览器中即可。 Neurahealthnlp更便宜，更快，更容易获得，并且胜过当前的临床方法，包括基于文本的分析和机器学习方法。它使得早期诊断可在稀缺的医疗服务中可行，但可访问的互联网或蜂窝服务。